Public Health Approach to Crime in Trinidad and Tobago

What is a public health approach to crime in Trinidad and Tobago?

A public health approach to crime views criminal behaviour as a social issue that is influenced by issues like poverty, mental health, substance abuse and adverse childhood experiences. It stems from the understanding the school of sociology that argues that crime is a product of an individual’s sociological conditioning, and that criminal deviance is a phenomenon that can be prevented.

A public health approach focuses on preventing crime through early intervention and rehabilitation rather than solely punitive measures.

The approach recognises links between crime and health problems, social exclusion and inequality. Social risk factors for poor health align closely with risk factors for offenders such as poor housing, education, lack of work and income; and those who are or are at risk of offending are more likely to suffer from multiple and complex health and social issues.

In a public health approach, the police, their partners and communities work together to coordinate tailored and targeted preventative action. This addresses the causes and impact of an issue by taking a multi-agency, holistic systemic approach. Early intervention with at-risk groups reduces the harm caused by the issue by promoting recovery and increasing resilience.

Protective factors against criminality can be supported to mediate the effects of adversity. These factors include addressing causes of poverty and deprivation; developing pro-social behaviour, social skills, positive attitudes and self-esteem; supporting educational attainment; enabling social networks and activities; and supporting effective parenting and strong attachments with an ‘always available adult’ and positive role models.

Strategies employed by organisations adopting the public health approach to crime

The types of programmes/ initiatives that are adopted by organisations that try to prevent crime are as follows:

1. Programmes that provide ex-offenders with job training, mentoring and mental health support to prevent reoffending.
2. Initiatives that engage at-risk youth in education, employment, and sports programmes to steer them away from gangs.
3. Addiction treatment and rehabilitation services to reduce drug-related crimes.